Burner



April 1938. H. J. LQONG ET AL 2,114,848

BURNER Filed 0012129, 1956 i zw a a I A M, 2 425 17 Z5 Z, O 7 /25 1 O I o w I 1050 U ATTORNEY.

Patented Aprt 19, 1 938.

UNITEDA'STAQTES PATENT OFFICE B RNER Herbert J. Long, Springfield, and Hans Albrecht, West Springfield, Mass, assignors to United American Bosch Corporation, Springfield, Mass., a corporation of New York Application October 29, 1936, Serial No. 108,126 2 Claims. (Cl. 158 -115) This invention relates to gas burners and vide a pilot burner which consumes far less gas particularly burners adapted for use as pilot than has previously been required by such burnburners. In gas appliances, such as water ers and which is therefore more economical in heaters, the burners are commonly provided with operation.

a pilot flame adjacent thereto and usually means The above and other obj cts nd eatures of 5 are provided for cutting off the fuel supply in case t is invention will ,in P t e Obvious to those the pilot becomes extinguished. In such coned n t el t and in D e fully et structions it is common to associate a thermoor in e following detailed s p o taken static device with the pilot burner in such a manin conjun With the a pa yi d w ner that when the pilot is extinguished the thern ich 10 mostatic device closes a valve controlling the 1 is a longitudinal seotionwith parts in main fuel supply. For the pilot flame, both side elevation through a burner chamber pro- Bunsen burners and luminous flame burners ha vided with a pilot constructed in accordance with been used, Th Bu s n t e, h h th this invention; Fig. 2 isfa detail on an enlarged disadvantage that if the quantity of gas supplied scale f a pilot burner sh wn in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 15 to the burner is small the mixture may be igshows, in section with parts in side elevation, a nited in the burner tube and thus create a flame fied m of a Pilot b and 4 is 8 adjacent the primary i orifi e wh t detail on an enlarged scale of the pilot burner happens there is no flame at the burner tip for shown in Fi by the combustion in the burner tube is still sufiia burner cup in w h a main urn rs 2 which cient to maintain the temperature of the thermoin the form shown are of the Bunsen pe u stat and hold in open position the valve con- Which'may be f y yp A pi burner 3 is trolling the main burner. It therefore happens disposed Centrally. 0f the main burners 2 in a 2 that this type of pilot burner does not always position to ignite eachjet of the main burners.

afford the protection against the flow of fuel to s is Supplied to both pilot and main burners the main burner in case the latter is extinguished b way f a p p 4 which Opens into a tube 5 p at a time when there is no flames at the pilot tip. jecting Centrally into the D l d fastened On the other hand the luminous flame type of thereto bymeans of screw bolts ii. The tube 5 burner has the disadvantage that the flame prohas an enlarged pper nd into which a bushing 30 jects for a considerable distance from the burner 7 is threaded- A Valve 8 is p d to Control the tip before it meets with sufficient air to effect opening at one end of the bushin and a t ermocomplete combustion. For this reason there is stat housing 9 closes the opposite end. Above the l little heat at the burner tip in proportion to the valve 8 the bushing T p v d d with lateral gas consumed and a relatively high rate of gas openings 10 which provide communication beconsumption is required to insure suflicient heat tween the interior of the bushing I and an anadjacent the burner tip to actuate the thermonular chamber ll provided in the upper end of static device. the tube 5. A connection l2 passes through the It is a primary object of the present invenenlarged portion of the tubular member 5 to tion to provide a burner avoiding the above mencommunicate with the annular chamber II and 40 tioned defects, which possesses the advantages of leads to the valve chamber I3 of a thermothe Bunsen type in that a small blue flame is pro-- statically controlled valve l4. A thermostat l5, vided adjacent the burner tip, while also possesswhich in the case of a water heater is positioned ing the advantages of the luminous flame burner in the storage tank or hot water connection of in that there is no mixing tube in which a mixthe heating system orin the case of an oven i r ture of gas and air might become ignited. To this responsive to the temperature thereof, controls end we provide a burner in which the mixing of the valve It. From the control device gases pass gas and air occurs entirely at the burner tip proby way of connections 16 to the manifold H which viding a small-blue flame at a relatively low. rate supplies the gas" jets 2. A portion of the gas igniting the main burner but the heat generated In the drawing, ence umeral I indicates 20 of gas consumption which, however, insures igwhich passes thiough the valve 8 flows upwardly 5o nition of the main burner jets and at the same through the bushing 1 into the housing 9 of the time provides sufiicient heat immediately addisk thermostat l8. Openings IS in the disk I8- jacent the pilot burner to insure the actuation of permit the gas to flow from the lower portion of the thermos'taticdevice. i the housing 9 to the upper portion. A tube 20 It is a further object of this invention to promounted upon the upper end of the thermostat 56 Q housing 9 has a longitudinally extending passage 2| which communicates with the interior of the housing 9 by way of a passage 22 controlled by an adjustingscrew 23. A cap 24 is mounted upon the upper end of the tube 20 closing the longitudinal bore 2|. Angular passages 25 extend from the bore 2| to the outer surfaces of the tube 20 providing jet orifices. The passages 25 are so directed toward the lower face of the cap 24 that the jets, issuing from these passages impinge against the lower surface of the cap and spread outwardly therefrom. The cap is positioned sumciently close to the jet orifices so that the gases are still moving at relatively high velocity when they impinge upon the under surface of the cap. A flange 26 projects downwardly from the outer rim of the cap deflecting the gases flowing along the under surface thereof toward a baffle member 21.

The operation of this form of the device is as follows. Gas supplied from the pipe 4 passes upwardly through the tubular member 5, the valve 8 and thence by way of openings l and connection l2 to the thermostatic valve M. A portion of the gas passing through valve 6 flows upwardly through the bushing 1 into the thermostat housing 9 and through the openings IS in the thermostat disc l8. It. thence passes upwardly through the passages 2| and 22 in the tubular member 20 and to the jet passages 25. A plurality of such passages is provided, three being suflicient in a burner of the size shown. Each passage is di-.

rected upwardly to the under surface of the cap 24 so that the jets from the passages impinge against the under surface of the cap at an angle of 45. It will be noted that the jet passages 25 are designed to give the gas issuing therefrom a relatively high velocity. This velocity is such, and the jets are so constructed, that there is little opportunity for combustion to occur while the gas passes from the jet orifice to the surface of the cap. The high velocity jet tends to entrain air from the surrounding atmosphere and this is admixed with the gas upon impingement against the under surface of the cap. It-will be noted that the cap is placed in close proximity to the jet orifices, the vertical distance between the jet orifice and the under surface of the cap is of the order of of an inch, though on the enlarged scale of Fig. 2 this distance appears much greater.

The gas therefore. still possesses considerable ve'- locity upon impinging against the under surface of the cap, which velocity is too great to permit the combustion of the gas and air during the mixing process. As the mixture flows outwardly toward the circumference of the cap, it is deflected downwardly by the flange 26 and spread in the form of a thin sheet into the surrounding air. In this manner the gas is thoroughly mixed with the air in a small space immediately surrounding the burner cap, and because it is well mixed with the entrained air and well diffused in the air immediately surrounding the burner tip, it burns with a blue flame similar to a Bunsen flame. It is impossible for the icombustion to flash downwardly through the tube 20 and burn adjacent the thermostat because no air is mixed with the gas until it leaves the jet orifice. When the thermostatically controlled valve l4 shuts off the flow of gas to the main burner, the valve 8 remains open supplying gas to the pilot burner. Heat generated by this burner is conducted downwardly through member 20 to the housing 9 and thus to disc thermostat l8. Should the pilot flame become extinguished, the thermostat will cool quickly to close the valve 8.

The form shown in Fig. 4 is similar to the form above described, but is more particularly adapted for use in conjunction with burners wherein it is desired to position the pilot horizontally. In this form gas is supplied to the main burners 28 from a gas manifold 29, the flow to which may be controlled in the same manner as has been described in connection with Fig. l. The pilot burner 30 in this instance consists of a tubular member 3| which is mounted on a thermostat housing 32 in a manner analogous to the mounting of tube 20 upon housing 9 in the form shown in Fig. l. The tube 3| carries at its outer end a flange 33, and is internally screw threaded to accommodate external screw threads upon a burner tip member 34. The burner tip 34 has a central passage 35 extending partially therethrough, and the jet passages 36 afford communication between the central passage 35 and the atmosphere. The jet passages 36 are directed toward flange 33 and the open ends thereof are sufliciently close to the surface of said flange to insure that the gases issuing from the jets retain a high velocity until they impinge against the latter.

The operation of this latter form of the device is analogous to the operation of the form previously described in that the gases issuing at high velocity from the jet passages 36 entrain a small quantity of air in the course of their flow from the outer end of these passages to the flange 33. Upon impinging against this flange, the entrained air is mixed with the gasesbefore material combustion can take place, and the gas is therefore in condition to burn with a blue flame as the gaseous mixture is deflected outwardly into surrounding atmosphere by the flange 33.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. A burner comprising a tubular member having a gas passage extending longitudinally thereof, a cap mounted on said tubular member, an angular passage forming a gas jet having one end opening into said longitudinal passage and the opposite opening to the atmosphere at a point immediately adjacent to and directed toward one of the faces of said cap, means to supply gas unmixed with air through said passage and jet and a flange extending from one face of said cap, whereby gas from said jet is first deflected outwardly by said face and thence deflected in a direction at an angle thereto by said flange.

2. A gas pilot burner having a plurality of spaced jet passages of small diameter relative to their length opening to the atmosphere, means for supplying gas unmixed with air to said passages, and a deflecting member immediately adjacentthe openings of said jet passages and positioned angularly thereto whereby gas issuing from each of said jets is completely surrounded by air which is entrained thereby for admixture and combustion therewith upon impinging against said deflecting member.

HERBERT J. LONG. HANS ALBRECHT. 

